Tea Basics

With over 3000 different varieties of tea in the world, how do you choose? Do you choose by the particular type of tea, or do you choose by the taste you like best?

Surprisingly, all tea comes from the same evergreen plant -- Thea sinensis, of which two varieties are the most common -- Camellia sinensis and Camellia assamica. The type and taste characteristics of each tea are determined by the growing region -- climate, soil, and altitude -- as well as how the tea is processed.

The first step in any tea production occurs when the tea is harvested or "plucked," by hand, once the top two leaves and bud have sprouted. The leaves are then spread out on long trays in warm temperatures, to promote moisture loss of about 50%. This is known as withering. The withered leaves are then sometimes rolled, by machine, to help release the leaves' oils and juices and then they are left out in the open air for several hours. This open air process is known as "fermentation." It's not really a "fermenting" process per say -- it's actually an oxidation process that occurs in the tea leaves, whereby the leaves absorb oxygen, which changes their chemistry, and therefore affects both the taste and color of the tea. After the fermentation stage, the leaves are then passed through a dryer to stop the oxidation process. Once thoroughly dried, the tea is then ready to be sorted, and taste-tested.

Source : articlesbase